Romanesque And Gothic Architecture As 90821 - Mckenzie Henare

Romanesque and Gothic Architecture AS 90821 - McKenzie Henare Catholicism expresses its faith and relationship with God through many techniques whether it be art, teachings, scriptures or architecture. Extravagant cathedrals built show our relationship and faith in God. But when theories and ideas about why the styles are what they are. There was a time where the original Romanesque architecture became outdated and Gothic architecture was the new style that showed our faith and relationship with God. Reasons for the extreme change include social reasons, technological reasons and theological reasons. Social Reasons Social reasons include the prosperity and property boom of the middle ages which range between the thirteenth and nineteenth centuries. Growth in agriculture was caused by the unproductive land being bought and developed into land that could produce masses of income. Swamps were drained and forests and bushland cut down to increase space for business, buildings and expansion of society. The order of the Cistercians is highly known as the influence that encouraged barren lands to be cultivated, it was the monks that fulfilled these orders. Advancements in agricultural tools replace manual labour, such as the double edged plow completed the job in half the time a manual labourer would. Due to the increasing amount of land and agriculture lead to the boom of growth of towns. Obviously the natural spark of business arises and towns become overrun with people

Benefits Of Being A Bachelor Degree Essay - 1711 Words

Introduction Americans are always trying to live better than the next person, have more materialistic items, along with being seen as successful. People are creatures of habit and we always want to do better than the generation before us. But that has required the average person to work harder with longer hours. Education is essential, but to what level is it important? Having a bachelors degree used to be the norm, but as society changes and people’s perceptions change, one needs to at least one graduate degree with some specialized training or certifications. With more education, it can quickly changing the paths of how people are placed into managerial roles. With all that being said, when is one to have time for leisure activities, family, and relaxation? How do we fit all this into a day when work requires at least 8 hours of our time, not to mention some people who commute? Commuting can lead to additional time away from our daily life. When one thinks of work-life balance, on e needs to determine what that means for them. Each person has an opinion of areas that are more and less important, but this is where it needs to fit the individual. â€Å"Work-Life Balance is not a problem to be solved. It is an issue to be managed,† according to Jim Bird, CEO of Worklifebalance.com (Bird, n.d.). The best way for companies to assist the employee achieve a work-life balance is through work-life training programs. Success at work is just a portion of work-life balance.Show MoreRelatedCollege Should Take At Least A Few College Classes1451 Words   |  6 Pageseveryone, even for those who did not go to a college right after high school. College might not be a top priority in everyone s life. Even though it may not be a top priority, going to college is a very selfless act in which the national community benefits from. 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Safeguarding Children Emotional Maltreatment

Question: Describe about the Safeguarding Children from Emotional Maltreatment? Answer: Introduction Quality is an essential component in health and social care services. This is very important for the stakeholders and other users. In the United Kingdom, Health and social care is the integrated services which are available from health and social care providers. In United Kingdom and Canada heath and social care are known as Human Services. Health and social care are the combined fundamentals of sociology, biology, nutrition, law and ethics. Health and social care students always have a work placement for them besides their studies in such places like nursery, residential home, hospitals etc. Stakeholdersare the persons who have something to gain or lose during the result of a planning process, programme or project. There are different perspectives and consideration in the way where service and quality may improve. There are also many methods which can be used in different perspectives for the development of the service objectives. The managing quality and service quality for the health and social care also need to be improved. Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust has focused on the possible solution to the health care crisis. The Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust must also focus on the desires of their patients by improvement of the services.(Kelly, 2007) Perspectives of stakeholders in health and social care regarding quality Stakeholders are the individuals who are involved in the action course of the organization. Patients are the part of stakeholder group because both of them pay for the health care system and both are the end users. The comfort of health care organizations, medical professionals and other health care providers can be reflected by the various government bodies. It is significant to identify the qualities of the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust staffs and perspectives of their services.(Hensley, 2012) In simple words quality is fitness for purpose and also aims in meeting with service users requirements. It is important to make sure that quality meets the services as desired by the organization. Thus, it is the duty of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust to discover the qualities of service provided by them because if the trust providing extra services does not mean that it is improving the service quality of the organization. Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust must ensure that the services they provide are good and useful for the patients. Stakeholders can be the external agencies in Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust. There are many organizations in the United Kingdom like Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust which are known as regulators. These organizations are set to protect the public in order to make sure that they surely meet the standards set by the relevant regulator.(ROYAL UNITED HOSPITAL, BATH., 1924) The organizations such like Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust have a system for measuring their standards. In this case, Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust cares for around 500,000 people in surrounding towns and villages of North East. The trust provides 595 beds and some comprehensive ranges of services. This service includes surgery, medicines, special women and child care services, accident and emergency services etc. The Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust has 4600 staffs approx and the budget of the trust is around230 million. Recently the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust has created one Intensive Support Team (ECIST) for change in services and better improvements in patient admissions and discharge. All these qualities can attract the stakeholders both internal and external. Stakeholder perspectives from Patients Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust has mentioned that the patient community is good. The trust management also mentioned that there is a wide range of consumer and patient perceptions of values. The difference of patient and consumer is significant as the patient is only an active undergoing from a course of treatment for a particular illness. It has been explained that patients often perceived and believe that more medical care and newer treatments are always better. People generally do not question about the quality of care which they receive. It has been found out that the patients do not believe the fact that the doctors they choose may be inefficient or ineffective. In recent poll by the National Business Group on Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust it has found that 72% of their employees surveyed through doctors were very trustworthy. In this case, Patients of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust received safe and effective care from the doctors, nurses, and other staffs. Surgical services were also safe and secure, as like, the infection rates were similar to those of other trusts. Patients were being treated according to national guidelines and clinical outcomes for them were good. Patients confirmed that the staffs of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust were caring and all the patient were treated with self-respect. Doctors and staffs services were more receptive to patients. The needs and the trust had made changes to improve the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust. The trust providing seven-day services, new models of care, and also medicine and surgery had declared that patients were receiving quick and effective treatment and their length of stay in hospital deducted.(Lopes et al., 2015) Role of external agencies in setting standards Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust has set their standards in the United Kingdom to be able to carry out their practice. Without registration, working will be a crime for the organization. All these registers are open to the public and public can make sure that person is registered or not. Professionals, clinicians and others whose work is informed by the traditional bodies of knowledge must need to be aware of the need for continuous personal developments in the health and social care department. All care and services must work according to the standards and must have a system for calculate that whether it is meeting to the standards of not. The health care system has their audit which helps in checking the quality standards meeting to the services or not. Social services have their separate inspection units which register and inspect all the services. All the organization of health and social care like Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust must use a system for monitoring on how their services are being delivered. Different parts of the system and external agencies needs to work together as a part of culture of open and honest cooperation for identification of serious quality failures and necessary steps for prevention of the failures. Care Quality Commission this is a health and social care regulator of England. They provide regulates by the NHS, authorities, companies, and voluntary organizations. They also protect interests of people with restricted rights under the Mental Health Act. (Care Quality Commission, 2009) Social care institute for excellence (SCIE) this institute has recognized and spread knowledge of good practice into the social care for support the transformed delivery.(Cass, 2009) The national institute of health and clinical excellence (NICE) this institute provides guidance and their set quality standards and also manages a national database for improve the health care for the people. (Bryan, 2009) Impact of poor service quality on health and social care stakeholders The setting of health and social care quality needs to be managed effectively otherwise it can lead to serious penalty. The most important part is the health which could suffer due to improper management. The improper planning and ineffective assignment of quality in health and social care will result in the inability to meet the needs of people. This means the local targets will not be achieved. This could mean the pleasure of patient will reduce and the expectations will not be full filled.(Hurst, 2009) If the quality is not managed appropriately then it will bound to create an impact significantly on the three basic criteria. This will lead to the poor clinical success. This will also guide into poor result in terms of patient experiences. The regulatory bodies find that providers are not meeting the standards. Thus, it is required to improve the enforcement power which they can use. This power includes warning notices, penalties, suspensions etc. Trained providers and healthcare professionals also have a liability to transport training in a safe and effectual way in line with the standards set by the professional regulators. Professional regulators have an interest where the quality of training may put patients at risk. Thus, Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust should provide quality services in order to enhance their performance. The poor service will not only impact on the customers but also on the other stakeholders as they may experience bad experience and the image of the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust will decline.(Williams, 2003) Potential barriers to delivery of quality service Patient values hasnt communicated If the employees of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust have never been taught the values of patients for their trust, the employees will not understand how to treat them. The employees must have to be aware of the values of patients in their trust which will help them to take care of their patients. Staffing level of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust was safe, but the trust needs to improve in the critical care and neonatal units. Incident reporting of staffs had improved but information was not shared effectively so that staff could learn from slip-ups. Patients were watched over, but more staffs need appropriate safeguarding training to protect children, and some staff needed a clearer understanding about the rights to freedom of patients who are at risk of nomadic. Staffs of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust were caring, but at busy times in busy areas, such as admission and short stay wards, patients care needs were not always being met by the staffs. Patients encountered the problems of long waiting times for some premeditated surgeries and outpatient arrangements, and there were release delays for some patients with complex needs.(Gordon and Conti, 2010) Apathy among the staffs of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust Health and care authority of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust has described an effective working relationship with a small minority of doctors but high degree of apathy among majority. The staffs of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust may feel that something can be unnecessary to change or improve something because the person can feel satisfied about the service of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust. That person can assume that change in things is not necessary for the trust. This confirms in the mind of staffs that what they are currently doing is fine and there is no need for improvement. Overworked Staff of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust Overwork can be cause for understaffing, layoffs, rapid growth or assignment of too many tasks to too many people. The result for this problem can be the staffs of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust will lose their energy in very short time and they will be stretched too thin and no single client will appear as a priority to them. Since representatives can have many difficulties towards the patients for serve, skipping any steeps, and this will result in frustrations for their patients and stakeholders will receive insufficient attention for their issues which can be serious sometimes. Therefore, no easy way is available to solve this problem. The Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust management have to hire more people and outsources for their patients and stakeholder service plan.(Brown et al., 1995) Underworked Staffs of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust The exact opposite can take place and have a similar effect on the patients and stakeholders. If the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust staffs will remain underworked, the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust will encounter fewer challenges. This can cause under-appreciation and unimportance. The works of their staffs can have the habits of expanding for fitting of their allotted timeframes. For this reason, the staffs whose are underworked cannot handle the turnaround time given to them and for this; the patients and stakeholders will be frustrated. (Yasuda et al., 2015) Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust has to ensure their staffs by an adequate amount of works. The management of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust can challenge and extend their staffs in some cases. Approaches to implementing quality systems Improving the health care in care homes can be executed by understanding the causes of healthcare provisions. In order to do this it is needed to discover what actually occurs when a care home or trust needs healthcare for the process took place in the problems. It is needed to understand the fundamental facilities and barriers in the proposal could be made for the design of future provisions. (Kerns and McBournie, 2002) Methodological approaches for improving quality system of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust: Improvement of the patients values of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust The Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust needs to engage with staffs in lower pay bands that spend much time with patients such like cleaners. The trust needed to improve their quality and procedures to improve more of their staff care to the patients, values of patients, safeguarding training to protect children, clearer understanding about the rights to freedom of patients etc. Services of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust staffs were more responsive to their patients needs and the trust had made changes to improve how it handled and responded to complaints. The trust is progressing in providing a seven-day service, as long as new models of care in AE, and also in medicine and surgery departments. This means patients were receiving quick and effective treatment and their length of stay in hospital was reduced. The environment of different wards, firstly, Combe Ward and second neonatal unit, had been redesigned and refurbished to reduce anxiety and improvement in the comfort of p atients with dementia of children and parents.(Haefliger et al., 2011) Apathy approach In this approach, for of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust need to improve their staffs in order to make them feel that improvement is necessary to change something in their services. The staffs must have to be sure that what they are doing is not enough, and they have to provide more services to the patients. By doing this they can improve the service quality of the trust surely. Overworked Staff approach The management of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust must have to be aware of that their staffs must not be overworked which will improve the service of the trust and patients will not feel frustrated by the service of trust.(Meneguin and Cesar, 2012) Underworked Staffs approach The management of the Trust also have to be aware of that their staffs must not be underworked which will improve the service of the trust and patients will not feel frustrated by the service of trust. Evaluation of Effectiveness of systems and service The trust provides many service s to their patients some of the main services of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust are mentioned bellow: Patient safety the patients of the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust receive safe and care protection from the staffs of the trust. Services had changed to manage their patients. The trust has been able to win the heart of the stakeholders and patients. Infection rates were same to the other trusts (Sanchez, 2012). Cleanliness and infection control the patients of trust has been protected from the risk of infection. The trust infection rate ware an acceptable range and similar to the other trusts. From the survey of NHS staffs in 2012 it has been found that the all wards are cleaned and the patients visitors were properly guided on prevention from infections.(Ma, 2012) Medicine management The medicines were prescribed, administrated and stored properly in the NHS Trust. There were only few examples when it did not occur.(Boyd, 2013) Safeguardingthe NHS staffs are aware of protecting patients from abuse. However, many of the staffs have no training regarding this issue. (Barlow and McMillan, 2010) Seven day working service The trust developing seven day working plan for staffing and services for the patients and stakeholders. This plan has executed for improvement in outcomes for patients. There are also similar plans like this into other trusts. Children care Children receives safe and effective care in the childrens sector. The arrangements of staffs are flexibility to meet the needs of children and care for children and special treatment for children followed by the staffs. The parent of the children has admitted that the staffs and are caring and attentive. (Hewitt-Taylor, 2008) Accident and emergency the patients has admitted that they were satisfied with the pain relief which they had received. Staff were able to describe the methods which used in pain relief were very good. Surgery the patients have admitted also that they have received safe and effective surgical care. The reporting of incidents to learn from mistakes ware improving. The equipment which used in the surgeries well available in the section.(Alter, 2009) Factors influence the achievement of quality The patients, carers, parents and advocates of sick patients should have to input into the all the health services of NHS trust. They should be consulted about the services and they should be involved in the designs of those services. They have to help to set the standards by which services are created. The patients should have to involve in the decision making about their own health care. Patients should be involved in the designing services of NHS. All these strategies could be used in the process of improvement of service users and achievement of quality.(Zuger, 2007) Suggestion For improving the surgery service of the NHS trust because this is the most critical service for any trust or hospital. For improvement in surgery the trust can use high technology tools for their operations and also can use latest technologies in their operation. Surgical services of NHS were improving but needed to be more responsive to patients needs. The trust have to plan for reduce waiting times based on the surgery or clinical need of patients rather However, senior staff in the main operating theatres. Though, the patients have admitted that they were satisfied with the pain relief which they had received. But Staff needs to able describe the methods which used in pain relief were very good make the patients more satisfy with the services. (Alter, 2009) Methods for evaluating quality Questionnaires should be made and given to the patients to fill in their own time. By doing this the management could get fair and honest opinions from their patients about their service position. Another way is to perform groups and interviews for collecting the information about the services of the NHS Trust. Feedback forms can be another good idea for the exact measures of calculates the qualities of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust. The quality of the trust will not improve by the inspection only but the management must have to build into the people and process carrying out the work of organization.(Drewry, 2012) Impact of involving users of services There are two processes to work and involve both people who are providing services and also who are using the services.(Whittingham, Barnes and Gardiner, 2013) Patients, carers, parents of the sick people can have their inputs in the health service. They can be consulted about the services and making possible standards. Patients should be involved in the decision making of their own health care. Patients should be involved in the service and developing services of the NHS trust. Conclusion From the above discussions it is clear that the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust services are well but the management of Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust should look into the process of more improvement of their services to the patients and stakeholders. The NHS trust has to improve the quality of their staffs for better improvement in the trust. References Alter, J. (2009). Surgery. Ann Arbor, MI: Cherry Lake Pub. Barlow, J. and McMillan, A. (2010).Safeguarding children from emotional maltreatment. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Boyd, C. (2013). Medicine management skills for nurses.Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Brown, D., Myers, E., Johnson, B. and Sloat, S. (1995). Changes in Perceived Satisfaction of Patients, Nursing Staff, and Dietetics Staff When Dietetics Staff Pass Patient Meal Trays.Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 95(9), p.A38. Bryan, S. (2009). Balancing Cost-Effectiveness with other Values: Experiences of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).Das Gesundheitswesen, 71(S 01), pp.S30-S33. Care Quality Commission. (2009). Nursing Standard, 23(42), pp.30-30. Cass, E. (2009). A profile of Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE).The Jnl of Adult Protection, 11(3), pp.30-34. Drewry, K. (2012). Sheffields nurse-led heart failure clinic: the patients opinions. British Journal of Cardiology. Gordon, E. and Conti, D. (2010). The Quality of Health Insurance Service Delivery for Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Patient Perspective. American Journal of Transplantation, 10(10), pp.2208-2214. Haefliger, I., Keskinaslan, I., Piffaretti, J. and Pimentel, A. (2011).Improvement of Chronic Epiphora Symptoms after Surgery in Patients with Different Preoperative Schirmer-Test Values.KlinischeMonatsbltter fr Augenheilkunde, 228(04), pp.318-321. Hensley, M. (2012).Perspectives of Mental Health Stakeholders on Health Care Reform.Journal of Policy Practice, 11(3), pp.178-191. Hewitt-Taylor, J. (2008). Children with complex and continuing health needs. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Hurst, K. (2009). Health service staffing and service quality.International J Health Care QA, 22(6). Kelly, D. (2007). Managing change in social care services.Journal of Care Services Management, 1(2), pp.129-135. Kerns, M. and McBournie, S. (2002). Medication Safety: Implementing a Systems Approach in a Rural Hospital. Journal for Healthcare Quality, 24(4), pp.30-34. Lopes, E., Street, J., Carter, D. and Merlin, T. (2015).Involving patients in health technology funding decisions: stakeholder perspectives on processes used in Australia.Health Expectations, p.n/a-n/a. Ma, Y. (2012).Quantitative Evaluation of Environmental Surface Cleanliness in Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit.American Journal of Infection Control, 40(5), p.e133. Meneguin, S. and Cesar, L. (2012). Motivation and frustration in cardiology trial participation: The patient perspective. Clinics, 67(6), pp.603-607. ROYAL UNITED HOSPITAL, BATH. (1924). The Lancet, 203(5256), pp.1078-1079. Sanchez, J. (2012). Patient safety. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders. Whittingham, K., Barnes, S. and Gardiner, C. (2013). Tools to measure quality of life and carer burden in informal carers of heart failure patients: A narrative review. Palliative Medicine, 27(7), pp.596-607. Williams, M. (2003).Financial management. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. General Accounting Office. Yasuda, H., Fujiwara, N., Ishizaki, Y. and Komatsu, N. (2015). Anemia attributed to vitamin B6 deficiency in post-pancreaticoduodenectomy patients. Pancreatology, 15(1), pp.81-83. Zuger, A. (2007). Sick Patients, Sicker System. Health Affairs, 26(6), pp.1781-1782.

Why We Should Keep The Drinking Age At 21 Essay Example For Students

Why We Should Keep The Drinking Age At 21 Essay Why We Should Keep the Drinking Age at Twenty-oneBy Barry T. HellmanEnglish 116, section 6Dr. Budler11 May 2000 Imagine winning the State Basketball Championship. You get back to your house with a few friends and feel a party is in order, so you start drinking a few beers after your parents go to bed. Someone suggests that you drive somewhere to get rid of the empty cans. ?Yes, thats not a bad idea?, so you all pile into the car and take off. A few hours later, your parents receive a telephone call to come down to the station. There has been a terrible accident, and they must identify the body. This is the one phone call all parents dread. This true story is detailed in the Germantown, Tennessee high school newspaper. Stories like this compel me to believe that the legal drinking age should be kept at twenty-one. We will write a custom essay on Why We Should Keep The Drinking Age At 21 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Almost every state set a legal drinking age of twenty-one, the legal voting age at the time, after prohibition was repealed. Between 1970 and 1975, twenty-nine states lowered the voting age from twenty-one to eighteen, twenty-nine states also lowered their drinking age to eighteen or nineteen. During the late seventies, studies showed that traffic crashes had drastically increased after lowering the drinking age. Once this was announced publicly, many groups created a movement to increase the minimal drinking age, and sixteen states responded. The Uniform Drinking Act was passed in 1984. This strongly encouraged the remaining thirteen states to raise their drinking age. If the states would not agree to do so by 1987, the government said that it would cut highway funding (Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drugs). Many would argue that when the drinking age were set at twenty-one, there is an unavoidably huge increase in alcohol use when youths, turning twenty-one, ?make up for lost time.? However, a study done by Alexander Wagenaar and PM OMalley found that when the minimum drinking age was twenty-one, there was a lower use of alcohol after they turn twenty-one. One of the largest arguments in favor of lowering the drinking age is the use of Europe as a comparison. Where as in Europe, where there isnt a prescribed legal age for drinking, the age for obtaining a drivers license is eighteen. Sixteen is the average age for obtaining a license. This lower age for driving in combination with the lowered drinking age incurs a rise in traffic accidents and even death. Drinking before twenty-one causes more deaths than illnesses. On the other hand, those countries have their share of alcohol problems. The rate of alcohol-related diseases such as cirrhosis to the liver is the same, if not higher, as in the United States. Also drunk driving among youth in Europe is lower, but only because the legal driving age in most European countries is higher. Furthermore the use of public transportation is greater in Europe, where as in the United States fewer people take advantage of public transportation. Public transportation is either frowned upon or not avai lable. It is also argued that even though the legal drinking age is at twenty-one, many youths still can easily obtain and drink alcohol, so the current drinking age doesnt work. It stands to reason to conclude that if the drinking age were lowered to eighteen, even younger children would be using alcohol. This therefore, would have adverse affects on our society, not a positive affect. Because its illegal for people under twenty-one, many of those people dont drink. Lowering the drinking age would increase alcohol problems among teens, even at an earlier age. (Wagenaar and co. article, page 2)My opinion is further supported by the Correlation between underage drinking and alcohol abuse. Scientists of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism have said that teens that begin drinking before the age of fifteen are four times more likely to become alcoholics. The same institute also found that alcohol abuse doubles, in those who start drinking before the age of fifteen compared to those who first begin drinking at age twenty-one. Continuing, they found that twenty-five percent of those who began drinking before the age of seventeen went on to become alcoholics. .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a , .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a .postImageUrl , .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a , .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a:hover , .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a:visited , .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a:active { border:0!important; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a:active , .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf339af814940b8407cb8161b9caddc8a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Portrayal of Reality in Great Gatsby EssayFurthermore, most studies show an increase in traffic accidents, and even deaths, among youths when the drinking age was lower. The Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drugs also states that the result of lowering the drinking age caused a five to twenty percent increase in the number of fatal injury-causing crashes ?likely to involve alcohol, such as single-vehicle accidents occurring late at night? Alcohol use is typically reported in one-fifth to two-thirds of these problems; youth drowning, vandalism, assaults, suicides, and teenage pregnancies (Toomey, Rosenfeld, and Wagenaar 3). Besides accidents, there is also an association between alcohol abuse and suicide. Between one-third and two-thirds of adolescent suicide victims have a measurable blood alcohol level. A study of suicides from 1970 to 1990, done by Johanna Birckmeyer and David Hemenway, found that the suicide rates of eighteen to twenty year olds living in states with a drinking age of eighteen was eight percent higher than in states with a drinking age of twenty-one. The last point to consider is that when the drinking age was lowered to eighteen or nineteen an increase in traffic accidents occurred. Drinking before twenty-one causes more death than illnesses. It seems to me that there is little valid argument against leaving the legal drinking age at twenty-one. Auto accidents, suicides, illnesses early drivers licences varying cultures, and alcoholism are all reasons in favor of maintaining a legal drinking age of twenty-one Too much, too soon, kills!Works CitedBirckmayer, Johanna; Hememway, David. ?Minimum-age drinking laws and youth suicide, 1970-1990.? American Journal of Public Health (1999). 29 April 2000. Bower, B. ?Alcoholism shows its youthful side.? Science news 26 April 00Quigley, Loria, et al. Drinking among young adults. Alcohol Health and Research World. April 00:p185-191. Sherman, Laura. ?Tragedy After An Enormous Accomplishment.? Germantown High School News. 4-15-99Toomey, Rosenfield, and Wager. Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drugs. New York 1995Toomey, Rosenfield, and Wager. The minimum legal drinking age: history, effectiveness, and ongoing debate. Alcohol Health and Research World, 4-28-00 p213(5)Wagenaar,Alexander, et al. Deterring sales and provision of alcohol to minors: a study of enforcement in 295 countires in four states. Public health Reports. April 00: p185-191. Bibliographyalready in the paper, the works citedEnglish Essays